常见术语
对于一个元器件的描述，主要包括利用spice语句所定义的物理模型（Simulation model)和代表元器件的元器件符号两种。此外，还有用于定义元器件输入输出的封装信息和用于制版的脚注。 电路元器件符号的基本组成包括符号图形、封装、脚注。
bipolar双目障碍的 双极型晶体管的器件符号都是由qnpn和qpnp两种基本元器件符号派生出来的。
Spice基本语法20140709
| 1 | 2 |
|---|---|
| diode | 二极管 |
| polyline | 折线 |
| inductor | 电感器 |
| Isource | 驱动上拉电流 |
| Isink | 驱动下拉电流 |
| QNPN | NPN型的三极管 |
QNPN应该是NPN型的三极管，在电路图中一般用Q表示各种管子，具体哪种要看具体电路图了
NPN型三极管是指由两块N型半导体中间夹着一块P型半导体所组成的三极管；也称为晶体三极管，可以说它是电子电路中最重要的器件。三极管是电子电路中最重要的器件，它最主要的功能是电流放大和开关作用，它可以把微弱的电信号变成一定强度的信号，当然这种转换仍然遵循能量守恒，它只是把电源的能量转换成信号的能量。
三极管顾名思义具有三个电极。二极管是由一个PN结构成的，而三极管由两个PN结构成，共用的一个电极成为三极管的基极(用字母B表示——B取自英文Base，基本的、基础的)，其他的两个电极分别称为集电极(用字母C表示——C取自英文Collector，收集)和发射极(用字母E表示—— E取自英文Emitter，发射)。基区和发射区之间的结成为发射结，基区和集电区之间的结成为集电结。 PNP 和NPN型三极管，放大电路工作原理，类似水龙头？
符号库
KiCad Symbols
| 1 | 2 |
|---|---|
| *.sp | 网表文件 |
| *.lib | 原理图元件库文件 |
| *.dcm | 原理图元件库文档 |
| sym-lib-table | 符号库列表 |
| *.kicad_sch | 原理图文件 |
| *.kicad_sym | 符号库文件 |
demo
新建一个空的*.kicad_sch文件：
(kicad_sch (version 20230121) (generator eeschema)
(uuid b56ee123-6559-4d97-a196-b4d8e5ac7e3c)
(paper "A4")
(lib_symbols
)
(sheet_instances
(path "/" (page "1"))
)
)
1.定义一个电阻 Resistance 首先在lib_symbols中定义一个符号： 定义前：
(lib_symbols
)
定义电阻后：
(lib_symbols
(symbol "R_1" (pin_names (offset 0) hide) (in_bom yes) (on_board yes)
(property "Reference" "R" (at 2.032 0 90)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Value" "R_1" (at 0 0 90)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "ki_keywords" "R DEV" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "ki_description" "Resistance" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(symbol "R_1_0_1"
(rectangle (start -1.016 3.81) (end 1.016 -3.81)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
)
(symbol "R_1_1_1"
(pin passive line (at 0 6.35 270) (length 2.54)
(name "1" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
(number "1" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
)
(pin passive line (at 0 -6.35 90) (length 2.54)
(name "2" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
(number "2" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
)
)
)
)
只在lib_symbols括号内添加符号定义，并不能在电路图中显示电阻，想要显示电阻还需要在lib_symbols括号的下面，添加对该电阻符号的引用： 添加引用后的电路原理图文件：
(kicad_sch (version 20230121) (generator eeschema)
(uuid b56ee123-6559-4d97-a196-b4d8e5ac7e3c)
(paper "A4")
(lib_symbols
(symbol "R_1" (pin_names (offset 0) hide) (in_bom yes) (on_board yes)
(property "Reference" "R" (at 2.032 0 90)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Value" "R_1" (at 0 0 90)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "ki_keywords" "R DEV" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "ki_description" "Resistance" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(symbol "R_1_0_1"
(rectangle (start -1.016 3.81) (end 1.016 -3.81)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
)
(symbol "R_1_1_1"
(pin passive line (at 0 6.35 270) (length 2.54)
(name "1" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
(number "1" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
)
(pin passive line (at 0 -6.35 90) (length 2.54)
(name "2" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
(number "2" (effects (font (size 0.508 0.508))))
)
)
)
)
(symbol (lib_name "R_1") (lib_id "schematic_libspice:R") (at 129.54 52.07 0) (unit 1)
(in_bom yes) (on_board yes) (dnp no) (fields_autoplaced)
(uuid 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000032cfc288)
(property "Reference" "R3" (at 131.191 51.4755 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) (justify left))
)
(property "Value" "22K" (at 131.191 53.2377 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) (justify left))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 129.54 52.07 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 129.54 52.07 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(pin "1" (uuid 60060ce6-2e33-460b-8c5d-c0482b8b6dd6))
(pin "2" (uuid fafa3e44-a677-4f8b-9987-e9e904317bb9))
(instances
(project "pspice"
(path "/a4349b77-fc13-4b06-b73d-e811f055a7b6"
(reference "R3") (unit 1)
)
)
)
)
(sheet_instances
(path "/" (page "1"))
)
)
passive line:
所谓有源电路和无源电路，在电路中是按照是否包含电源来划分的，有源电路就是包含电源的电路;无源电路就是不包含电源的电路。
角度：
gnd
定义gnd符号：
(symbol "schematic_libspice:0" (power) (pin_names (offset 0)) (in_bom yes) (on_board yes)
(property "Reference" "#GND" (at 0 -2.54 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Value" "0" (at 0 -1.778 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(symbol "0_0_1"
(polyline
(pts
(xy -1.27 0)
(xy 0 -1.27)
(xy 1.27 0)
(xy -1.27 0)
)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
)
(symbol "0_1_1"
(pin power_in line (at 0 0 0) (length 0) hide
(name "0" (effects (font (size 1.016 1.016))))
(number "1" (effects (font (size 1.016 1.016))))
)
)
)
引用gnd
(symbol (lib_id "schematic_libspice:0") (at 72.39 74.93 0) (unit 1)
(in_bom yes) (on_board yes) (dnp no)
(uuid 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000032cfc344)
(property "Reference" "#GND01" (at 72.39 77.47 0)
(effects (font (size 1.016 1.016)) hide)
)
(property "Value" "0" (at 72.39 76.708 0)
(effects (font (size 1.016 1.016)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 72.39 74.93 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 72.39 74.93 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(pin "1" (uuid 5279db28-aeca-4fc9-b2dd-7ef276d13bfc))
(instances
(project "pspice"
(path "/a4349b77-fc13-4b06-b73d-e811f055a7b6"
(reference "#GND01") (unit 1)
)
)
)
)
pwr flag
定义
(symbol "schematic_libspice:PWR_FLAG" (power) (pin_numbers hide) (pin_names (offset 0) hide) (in_bom yes) (on_board yes)
(property "Reference" "#FLG" (at 0 1.905 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Value" "PWR_FLAG" (at 0 3.81 0)
(effects (font (size 1.016 1.016)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "ki_keywords" "Power Flag Symbol" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "ki_description" "general power-flag symbol" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(symbol "PWR_FLAG_0_0"
(pin power_out line (at 0 0 90) (length 0)
(name "pwr" (effects (font (size 1.27 1.27))))
(number "1" (effects (font (size 1.27 1.27))))
)
)
(symbol "PWR_FLAG_0_1"
(polyline
(pts
(xy 0 0)
(xy 0 1.27)
(xy -1.016 1.905)
(xy 0 2.54)
(xy 1.016 1.905)
(xy 0 1.27)
)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
)
)
引用
(symbol (lib_id "schematic_libspice:PWR_FLAG") (at 190.5 21.59 0) (unit 1)
(in_bom yes) (on_board yes) (dnp no)
(uuid 00000000-0000-0000-0000-0000592c404d)
(property "Reference" "#FLG01" (at 190.5 19.685 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Value" "${SIM.PARAMS}" (at 190.5 17.78 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 190.5 21.59 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 190.5 21.59 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Sim.Enable" "0" (at 190.5 21.59 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(property "Sim.Device" "SPICE" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 0 0)) hide)
)
(property "Sim.Params" "PWR_FLAG" (at 190.5 17.78 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Sim.Pins" "1=1" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 0 0)) hide)
)
(pin "1" (uuid 543a559b-b06e-4e20-82fb-ab9348890dd8))
(instances
(project "pspice"
(path "/a4349b77-fc13-4b06-b73d-e811f055a7b6"
(reference "#FLG01") (unit 1)
)
)
)
)
电源
(symbol "schematic_libspice:+12V" (power) (pin_names (offset 0)) (in_bom yes) (on_board yes)
(property "Reference" "#PWR" (at 0 -3.81 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Value" "+12V" (at 0 3.556 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "ki_keywords" "Power Flag Symbol" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(property "ki_description" "power-flag symbol" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) hide)
)
(symbol "+12V_0_1"
(polyline
(pts
(xy -0.762 1.27)
(xy 0 2.54)
)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
(polyline
(pts
(xy 0 0)
(xy 0 2.54)
)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
(polyline
(pts
(xy 0 2.54)
(xy 0.762 1.27)
)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
)
(symbol "+12V_1_1"
(pin power_in line (at 0 0 90) (length 0) hide
(name "+12V" (effects (font (size 1.27 1.27))))
(number "1" (effects (font (size 1.27 1.27))))
)
)
)
power-in line
电源输入线
电容
(symbol "schematic_libspice:C" (pin_names (offset 0.254)) (in_bom yes) (on_board yes)
(property "Reference" "C" (at 2.54 3.81 90)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Value" "C" (at 2.54 -3.81 90)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(symbol "C_0_1"
(polyline
(pts
(xy -3.81 -1.27)
(xy 3.81 -1.27)
)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
(polyline
(pts
(xy -3.81 1.27)
(xy 3.81 1.27)
)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
)
(symbol "C_1_1"
(pin passive line (at 0 6.35 270) (length 5.08)
(name "~" (effects (font (size 1.016 1.016))))
(number "1" (effects (font (size 1.016 1.016))))
)
(pin passive line (at 0 -6.35 90) (length 5.08)
(name "~" (effects (font (size 1.016 1.016))))
(number "2" (effects (font (size 1.016 1.016))))
)
)
)
引用该符号：
(symbol (lib_id "schematic_libspice:C") (at 179.07 72.39 0) (unit 1)
(in_bom yes) (on_board yes) (dnp no) (fields_autoplaced)
(uuid 00000000-0000-0000-0000-00003e9d1ef8)
(property "Reference" "C2" (at 183.515 71.7955 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) (justify left))
)
(property "Value" "220pF" (at 183.515 73.5577 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)) (justify left))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 179.07 72.39 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 179.07 72.39 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(pin "1" (uuid da53b0db-67cd-4ffc-8de8-6fec29c85424))
(pin "2" (uuid b2dcde2e-7c76-4360-8ad4-07683f4e82d4))
(instances
(project "pspice"
(path "/a4349b77-fc13-4b06-b73d-e811f055a7b6"
(reference "C2") (unit 1)
)
)
)
)
电容单位 1法拉（F）= 1000毫法（mF）=1000000微法（μF）
1微法（μF）= 1000纳法（nF）= 1000000皮法（pF）
电容之间的换算公式：1F（法拉）=1000 mF（毫法），1mF（毫法）=1000 μF（微法），1μF（微法）=1000 nF（纳法copy），1nF（纳法）=1000 pF（皮法）。
1(F) = 1E3(mF) = 1E6(uF) = 1E9(nF) = 1E12(pF)这是完整的科学计数法换算式，都是三次方的关系，皮法和微法是常用的单位。
扩展资料：
一个电容器，如果带1库的电量时两级间的电势差是1伏，这个电容器的电容就是1法拉，即：C=Q/U 。
但电容的大小不是由Q（带电量）或U（电压）决定的，即电容的决定式为：C=εrS/4πkd 。其中，εr是相对介电常数，S为电容极板的正对面积，d为电容极板的距离，k则是静电力常量。
常见的平行板电容器，电容为C=εS/d（ε为极板间介质的介电常数，ε=εrε0，ε0=1/4πk,S为极板面积，d为极板间的距离）。
电感
定义
(symbol "schematic_libspice:INDUCTOR" (pin_numbers hide) (pin_names (offset 0)) (in_bom yes) (on_board yes)
(property "Reference" "L" (at 0 2.54 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Value" "INDUCTOR" (at 0 -1.27 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 0 0 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(symbol "INDUCTOR_0_1"
(arc (start -2.54 0) (mid -3.81 1.2645) (end -5.08 0)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
(arc (start 0 0) (mid -1.27 1.2645) (end -2.54 0)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
(arc (start 2.54 0) (mid 1.27 1.2645) (end 0 0)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
(arc (start 5.08 0) (mid 3.81 1.2645) (end 2.54 0)
(stroke (width 0) (type default))
(fill (type none))
)
)
(symbol "INDUCTOR_1_1"
(pin input line (at -6.35 0 0) (length 1.27)
(name "1" (effects (font (size 0.762 0.762))))
(number "1" (effects (font (size 0.762 0.762))))
)
(pin input line (at 6.35 0 180) (length 1.27)
(name "2" (effects (font (size 0.762 0.762))))
(number "2" (effects (font (size 0.762 0.762))))
)
)
)
引用
(symbol (lib_id "schematic_libspice:INDUCTOR") (at 215.9 38.1 0) (unit 1)
(in_bom yes) (on_board yes) (dnp no) (fields_autoplaced)
(uuid 00000000-0000-0000-0000-00003e9d4a5d)
(property "Reference" "L1" (at 215.9 34.1304 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Value" "100mH" (at 215.9 35.8926 0)
(effects (font (size 1.27 1.27)))
)
(property "Footprint" "" (at 215.9 38.1 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(property "Datasheet" "" (at 215.9 38.1 0)
(effects (font (size 1.524 1.524)) hide)
)
(pin "1" (uuid 87045877-3271-4d58-92ca-ad889dc6cca9))
(pin "2" (uuid 54a4f219-cd84-413f-979c-e131c021d173))
(instances
(project "pspice"
(path "/a4349b77-fc13-4b06-b73d-e811f055a7b6"
(reference "L1") (unit 1)
)
)
)
)