一、Nginx的ngx_http_mirror_module模块实现流量复制介绍

Nginx专门提供了ngx_http_mirror_module模块,用来实现流量拷贝。将生产环境的流量拷贝到预上线环境或测试环境,这样做有很多好处:

可以验证功能是否正常,以及服务的性能;

用真实有效的流量请求去验证,又不用造数据,不影响线上正常访问;

相比于灰度发布,镜像流量不会影响真实流量;

可以用来排查线上问题;

重构,假如服务做了重构,这也是一种测试方式;

ngx_http_mirror_module模块就像是一个镜像站点一样,将所有的请求都收集起来,这个镜像站点就代表了所有真实有效的原始请求。有了这个镜像站点,后续就可以复现所有的请求,实现把线上的流程复制到别的地方。

ngx_http_mirror_module模块特性:

nginx 1.13.4及后续版本内置ngx_http_mirror_module模块,提供流量镜像(复制)的功能。

支持流量放大,做法为:配置多份相同镜像。

相比tcp-copy的优势:无需录制流量,实时可用;配置相当简单。

源站请求,直接原路返回;正常配置下,mirror请求不影响源站请求及响应,源站nginx-server将流量复制到mirror站后,两者不再有任何交集。

二、Nginx编译安装,要加上ngx_http_mirror_module模块

下面是Nginx解压后,编译安装的示例



# ./configure


    --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx


    --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf


    --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid


    --with-http_ssl_module


    --without-http_limit_req_module


    --without-http_mirror_module


    --with-pcre=../pcre-8.43


    --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11


    --add-module=/path/to/ngx_devel_kit


    --add-module=/path/to/lua-nginx-module





# make & make install


三、Nginx流量拷贝的配置示例



upstream kevin-order {


  server 127.0.0.1:8088;


}





upstream kevin-customer {


  server 127.0.0.1:8089;


}





upstream kevin-mirror1 {


    server 172.16.60.230:8088;


}





upstream kevin-mirror2 {


    server 172.16.60.230:8089;


}





server {


    listen 80;


    server_name  kevin.com;


    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/kevin.com-access.log main;


    error_log   /usr/local/nginx/logs/kevin.com-error.log;





  # 源站点1


    location /order {


        proxy_pass http://kevin-order;


        proxy_set_header Host $host;


        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;


        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;


        # 复制请求体


        mirror_request_body on;


        # 流量复制


        mirror /mirror1;


    }





    # 源站点2


    location /customer {


        proxy_pass http://kevin-customer;


        proxy_set_header Host $host;


        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;


        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;


        mirror_request_body on;


        mirror /mirror2;


    }





    # 镜像站点1


    location /mirror1 {


        proxy_pass http://kevin-mirror1$request_uri;


        proxy_pass_request_body on;


        proxy_set_header Host $host;


        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;


        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;


    }





    # 镜像站点2


    location /mirror2 {


        proxy_pass http://kevin-mirror2$request_uri;


        proxy_pass_request_body on;


        proxy_set_header Host $host;


        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;


        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;


    }


}


配置说明:上面配置中,将访问http://kevin.com/order、http://kevin.com/customer的流量分别复制到172.16.60.230服务器的8088和8089端口。

四、Nginx使用ngx_http_mirror_module模块进行流量拷贝的配置技巧

1)Nginx复制GET及POST请求流量



server {


        listen       80;


        server_name  kevin.com;


        # 源站配置


        location / {


                access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  accesslog;


                mirror /mirror;


                mirror_request_body on;


                proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;


        }


        # 镜像站点配置


        location /mirror {


                internal; # 内部配置


                proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri;


                proxy_pass_request_body on;


                proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url


        }


}


2)Nginx不允许复制POST请求流量

默认是支持POST流量复制的,需要通过下面配置来禁止。



server {


        listen       80;


        server_name  kevin.com;





        # 源站配置


        location / {


                access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  accesslog;


                mirror /mirror;


                mirror_request_body off;


                proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;


        }





        # 镜像站点配置


        location /mirror {


                # 判断请求方法,不是GET返回403


                if ($request_method != GET) {


                    return 403;


                }


                internal;  #内部配置


                proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri;


                proxy_pass_request_body off; 


                # mirror_request_body和proxy_pass_request_body都设置为off,则Conten-length需要设置为"",否则有坑!


                proxy_set_header Content-Length ""; 


                proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; # 使用真实的url重置url


        }


}


3)拷贝流量放大

配置多分mirror镜像点



server {


        listen       80;


        server_name  kevin.com;


        # 源站配置


        location / {


                access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  accesslog;


                mirror /mirror;


                # 多加一份mirror,流量放大一倍


                mirror /mirror;


                mirror_request_body on;


                proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;


        }


        # 镜像站点配置


        location /mirror {


                internal; # 内部配置


                proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri;


                proxy_pass_request_body on;


                proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri;  #使用真实的url重置url


        }


}


4)配置mirror镜像日志

mirror中不支持配置access_log,解决方法:mirror-location跳转到server,在server中配置accesslog。



server {


        listen       80;


        server_name  kevin.com;


        # 源站配置


        location / {


                access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  accesslog;


                mirror /mirror;


                mirror_request_body on;


                proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;


        }


        # 镜像站点配置


        location /mirror {


                internal; # 内部配置


                # 跳转到下面的内部server


                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10992$request_uri;


                proxy_pass_request_body off;


                proxy_set_header Content-Length "";


                proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url


        }





server {


    # server没法设置为内部


    listen 127.0.0.1:10992;


    location / {


        # 判断放在server,使得post请求日志可以记录


        if ($request_method != GET) {


            return 403;


        }


        access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog;


        proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name;


    }





}


五、Nginx流量拷贝的注意事项

1)mirror镜像配置日志

镜像配置不正确,导致流量复制操作没正常执行。如果mirror镜像配置缺少日志,会严重影响调试。所以强烈建议配置镜像日志,配置方法如如上"配置mirror镜像日志"。部分错误配置的错误信息在在error日志中。

2)mirror_request_body/proxy_pass_request_body与Content-Length需配置一致

如果mirror_request_body或者proxy_pass_request_body设置为off,则Content-Length必须设置为"",因为nginx(mirror_request_body)或tomcat(mirror_request_body)处理post请求时,会根据Content-Length获取请求体,如果Content-Length不为空,而由于mirror_request_body或者proxy_pass_request_body设置为off,处理方以为post有内容,当request_body中没有,处理方会一直等待至超时,则前者为off,nginx会报upstream请求超时;后者为off,tomcat会报如下错误:



"2020-11-18T17:26:36.803+08:00" "331632b86ec64b829672066a96fc6324"      "department"        "group"   "project_name"        "hostname"    "127.0.0.1"     ""      "/post" "p=11"  "-"     "PostmanRuntime/7.1.1"  "ERROR" "xxx.GlobalControllerAdvice"       "operateExp"    "-"     "26"    "xxxx.GlobalControllerAdvice"       "unknown"       "org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException"    "I/O error while reading input message; nested exception is java.net.SocketTimeoutException"    "GlobalControllerAdvice中捕获全局异常"  "org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: I/O error while reading input message; nested exception is java.net.SocketTimeoutException


        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.readWithMessageConverters(AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.java:229)


        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.readWithMessageConverters(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:150)


        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.resolveArgument(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:128)


        at org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.resolveArgument(HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.java:121)


        at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.getMethodArgumentValues(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:158)


        at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:128)


        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97)


        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827)


        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738)


        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)